Peru

With a population of 34,576,665, Peru ranks 48th globally and spans 1,280,000 km² across South America, though its low density of 26 people per km² means much of the territory remains sparsely settled. The nation is highly urbanized, with 86% of residents living in cities, while the median age of 30.2 years indicates a relatively young population supporting a growing workforce. Life expectancy stands at 77.9 years, and the fertility rate of 2 births per woman reflects moderate population growth of 1% annually.

Lima serves as the capital. The country borders five nations—Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Ecuador—and operates under a presidential system of government since gaining independence in 1821. Spanish, Quechua, and Aymara are the official languages. The economy recorded a GDP per capita of $9,684, with the Peruvian sol as the national currency.