What is the population of Indonesia in 2026?
Indonesia has a population of 285,721,236 people (2025 estimate), which is 4th in the world and about 3.44% of the global total.
Officially Republic of Indonesia
Population 2025
285,721,236
3.44% of world population
World Bank, 2025Annual Growth
+0.79%
+2,242,912 people a year
World Bank, 2025Density
149/km²
1,892,555 km² land area
World Bank, 2023Median Age
30.4 years
Life expectancy 71.3 years
Our World in Data, 2025About Indonesia
Indonesia is the world's largest archipelagic state, spanning over 17,000 islands across Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is the fourth-most populous country and the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation. Indonesia's economy is Southeast Asia's largest and ranks 16th globally by nominal GDP. With remarkable ethnic, linguistic, and geographic diversity, Indonesia is a pivotal nation in global affairs, a G20 member, and a regional leader in ASEAN.
Country Facts
- Capital
- Jakarta
- Continent
- Asia
- ISO codes
- ID · IDN
- Demonym
- Indonesian
- Currency
- Indonesian rupiah (IDR Rp)
- Government
- Presidential system, Republic
- State inception
- 1945
- Driving side
- Left
- Calling code
- +62
- Internet TLD
- .id
- Land neighbours
- 3
Languages
- Indonesian
Religions
- Islam (87%)
- Christianity (10%)
- Hinduism (1.7%)
- Buddhism (0.7%)
- Confucianism/Folk (0.6%)
Demographics
Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous nation with over 270 million people across 6,000 inhabited islands. Java, containing only 7% of Indonesia's land area, holds 56% of the population (over 150 million), making it the world's most populous island. With over 300 ethnic groups and 700+ languages, Indonesia is extraordinarily diverse. Bahasa Indonesia serves as the unifying national language. About 56% live in urban areas.
Economy
Indonesia has Southeast Asia's largest economy, driven by commodities (palm oil, coal, natural gas, rubber, cocoa, coffee), manufacturing, and a growing services sector. It is the world's largest exporter of palm oil and thermal coal. The domestic market of 270 million increasingly middle-class consumers attracts investment. E-commerce and digital economy growth has been rapid. Indonesia aims to become a developed country by 2045.
Major exports
- Palm oil
- Coal
- Petroleum gas
- Automobiles
- Rubber
- Cocoa
- Coffee
- Footwear
- Electronics
Major imports
- Machinery
- Chemicals
- Fuels
- Foodstuffs
- Iron and steel
- Plastics
- Electronics
Health
Education
Environment
Infrastructure
Quality of Life
Geography
Indonesia straddles the equator across 17,508 islands (6,000 inhabited), making it the world's largest archipelago. It spans three time zones and features active volcanoes (127 active), tropical rainforests, coral reefs, and diverse ecosystems. Indonesia's location on the Pacific Ring of Fire makes it prone to earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanic eruptions. The country is moving its capital from sinking Jakarta to Nusantara in Borneo.
Natural resources
- Petroleum
- Natural gas
- Coal
- Tin
- Copper
- Gold
- Nickel
- Bauxite
- Timber
- Palm oil
Climate
- Tropical equatorial
Military
Age & Gender Distribution
Population by five-year age band, UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Male Female
- Age 0–14
- 24.6%
- Age 15–64
- 68.1%
- Age 65+
- 7.3%
| Age band | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 100+ | 318 | 1,135 |
| 95-99 | 6,662 | 18,904 |
| 90-94 | 58,813 | 139,798 |
| 85-89 | 273,464 | 539,079 |
| 80-84 | 725,436 | 1,242,429 |
| 75-79 | 1,384,766 | 2,047,912 |
| 70-74 | 2,453,421 | 3,091,894 |
| 65-69 | 4,036,060 | 4,642,213 |
| 60-64 | 5,734,471 | 6,176,970 |
| 55-59 | 7,331,465 | 7,582,240 |
| 50-54 | 8,591,960 | 8,652,190 |
| 45-49 | 9,610,648 | 9,488,316 |
| 40-44 | 10,534,164 | 10,219,386 |
| 35-39 | 10,601,582 | 10,168,733 |
| 30-34 | 10,796,006 | 10,304,846 |
| 25-29 | 11,273,309 | 10,760,395 |
| 20-24 | 11,239,481 | 10,690,743 |
| 15-19 | 11,968,518 | 11,368,416 |
| 10-14 | 12,517,801 | 11,884,480 |
| 5-9 | 11,855,424 | 11,251,375 |
| 0-4 | 11,414,146 | 10,808,559 |
Population History & Projection (1950–2100)
Observed population to 2024, then the UN medium-variant projection.
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 68,799,025 |
| 1960 | 88,296,070 |
| 1970 | 115,657,495 |
| 1980 | 148,950,540 |
| 1990 | 183,501,098 |
| 2000 | 216,077,790 |
| 2010 | 246,305,322 |
| 2020 | 274,814,866 |
| 2030 | 295,876,648 |
| 2040 | 311,797,395 |
| 2050 | 320,712,949 |
| 2060 | 322,529,333 |
| 2070 | 320,049,797 |
| 2080 | 314,542,594 |
| 2090 | 306,110,861 |
| 2100 | 295,511,061 |
History
Indonesia's history includes Hindu-Buddhist kingdoms (Srivijaya, Majapahit), the spread of Islam beginning in the 13th century, Dutch colonization (300+ years as the Dutch East Indies), Japanese occupation during WWII, and independence declared in 1945. Under Sukarno and then Suharto's 'New Order' (1967-1998), Indonesia experienced economic development and authoritarianism. Since 1998, Indonesia has been the world's third-largest democracy.
Culture
Indonesian culture reflects Hindu, Buddhist, Islamic, and European influences across its diverse ethnic groups. Batik textiles, gamelan music, wayang (shadow puppetry), and traditional dances are UNESCO-recognized cultural treasures. Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population but practices a moderate, syncretic form of Islam. Cuisine varies by region—think rendang, nasi goreng, and satay. 'Unity in Diversity' (Bhinneka Tunggal Ika) is the national motto.
Current Challenges
Indonesia faces challenges from deforestation (especially for palm oil), biodiversity loss, urban air pollution, traffic congestion, corruption, infrastructure gaps, and vulnerability to natural disasters. Climate change threatens coastal areas and agriculture. Income inequality persists between Java and outer islands. Maintaining pluralism and religious harmony amid rising conservatism requires ongoing attention.
Future Outlook
Indonesia aims to become a high-income country by 2045, its centennial. Investments in infrastructure, education, and manufacturing are priorities. The new capital Nusantara represents a major development shift away from Java. With its young population (median age 30), large domestic market, and strategic location, Indonesia is positioned as an emerging economic power. Population will grow to approximately 320 million by 2050.
Highlights
What Indonesia Is Known For
- World's largest archipelago (17,508 islands)
- World's largest Muslim-majority nation
- 9 UNESCO World Heritage Sites including Borobudur
- Third-largest democracy globally
- 17% of all species on Earth live in Indonesia
Interesting Facts About Indonesia
- Indonesia has over 17,000 islands, of which about 6,000 are inhabited
- The Komodo dragon, the world's largest lizard, lives only in Indonesia
- Indonesia has 127 active volcanoes, more than any other country
- The world's largest flower (Rafflesia) and tallest flower (Amorphophallus titanum) are Indonesian
- Indonesia spans three time zones despite being a single country
- The word 'orangutan' comes from Indonesian, meaning 'person of the forest'
- Indonesia is the world's largest producer of palm oil
How Indonesia Compares
Population against the ten most populous countries.
- India1.46B
- China1.41B
- United States341.8M
- Indonesia285.7M
- Pakistan255.2M
- Nigeria237.5M
- Brazil212.8M
- Bangladesh175.7M
- Russia143.5M
- Ethiopia135.5M
| Name | Population |
|---|---|
| India | 1.46B |
| China | 1.41B |
| United States | 341.8M |
| Indonesia | 285.7M |
| Pakistan | 255.2M |
| Nigeria | 237.5M |
| Brazil | 212.8M |
| Bangladesh | 175.7M |
| Russia | 143.5M |
| Ethiopia | 135.5M |
Major Cities in Indonesia
2 metropolitan areas in our city dataset.
Countries Bordering Indonesia
3 land borders.
- Timor-Leste1.42M · +1.27%
- Malaysia36M · +1.18%
- Papua New Guinea10.8M · +1.75%
Indonesia Population FAQ
Is the population of Indonesia growing or shrinking?
Indonesia's population is growing at +0.79% per year, a change of roughly 2,242,912 people annually.
What is the capital of Indonesia?
The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta.
What is the largest city in Indonesia?
Jakarta is the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, with about 11.1M people.
How densely populated is Indonesia?
Indonesia has 149/km² across 1,892,555 km² of land area.
What is life expectancy in Indonesia?
Life expectancy at birth in Indonesia is 71.3 years (2024).
What is the median age in Indonesia?
The median age in Indonesia is 30.4 years, meaning half the population is younger than that and half older.
Which continent is Indonesia in?
Indonesia is in Asia.