What is the population of Mongolia in 2026?
Mongolia has a population of 3,568,978 people (2025 estimate), which is 133rd in the world and about 0.04% of the global total.
Population 2025
3,568,978
0.04% of world population
World Bank, 2025Annual Growth
+1.25%
+44,469 people a year
World Bank, 2025Density
2/km²
1,558,500 km² land area
World Bank, 2023Median Age
26.9 years
Life expectancy 72.4 years
Our World in Data, 2025About Mongolia
Mongolia ranks 131st in world population with approximately 3.6 million inhabitants spread across 1.56 million km², making it one of the least densely populated countries at just 2 people per km². Despite this sparse overall settlement, 71% of the population lives in urban areas. The country's population is relatively young, with a median age of 26.9 years and a fertility rate of 2.5 births per woman, supporting an annual growth rate of 1.2%.
Life expectancy reaches 72.4 years. The Mongolian tögrög serves as the currency, while the capital and largest city is Ulan Bator. Mongolia operates under a parliamentary system of government established in 1992. The nation shares borders with China and Russia. With a GDP per capita of $7,108, the economy reflects a developing middle-income status.
This summary is AI-generated from the indicators on this page. The figures themselves come from the sources cited beside each value.
Country Facts
- Capital
- Ulan Bator
- Continent
- Asia
- ISO codes
- MN · MNG
- Demonym
- Mongolian
- Currency
- Mongolian tögrög (MNT ₮)
- Government
- Parliamentary system
- State inception
- 1992
- Time zone
- UTC+08:00
- Driving side
- Right
- Calling code
- +976
- Internet TLD
- .mn
- Land neighbours
- 2
Languages
- Mongolian
Demographics
Economy
Health
Education
Environment
Infrastructure
Quality of Life
Geography
Military
Age & Gender Distribution
Population by five-year age band, UN World Population Prospects 2024.
Male Female
- Age 0–14
- 32.2%
- Age 15–64
- 62.7%
- Age 65+
- 5.1%
| Age band | Male | Female |
|---|---|---|
| 100+ | 8 | 31 |
| 95-99 | 104 | 344 |
| 90-94 | 637 | 1,843 |
| 85-89 | 2,295 | 4,811 |
| 80-84 | 5,692 | 9,931 |
| 75-79 | 9,585 | 16,530 |
| 70-74 | 16,724 | 26,433 |
| 65-69 | 34,446 | 49,151 |
| 60-64 | 55,210 | 70,332 |
| 55-59 | 70,604 | 83,180 |
| 50-54 | 86,983 | 94,103 |
| 45-49 | 104,237 | 105,598 |
| 40-44 | 118,088 | 116,530 |
| 35-39 | 145,097 | 140,803 |
| 30-34 | 136,114 | 129,863 |
| 25-29 | 120,184 | 114,219 |
| 20-24 | 111,076 | 104,223 |
| 15-19 | 140,453 | 131,190 |
| 10-14 | 195,736 | 183,231 |
| 5-9 | 205,281 | 193,368 |
| 0-4 | 174,258 | 167,017 |
Population History & Projection (1950–2100)
Observed population to 2024, then the UN medium-variant projection.
| Year | Population |
|---|---|
| 1950 | 781,688 |
| 1960 | 977,595 |
| 1970 | 1,295,272 |
| 1980 | 1,701,335 |
| 1990 | 2,164,573 |
| 2000 | 2,455,182 |
| 2010 | 2,701,732 |
| 2020 | 3,290,785 |
| 2030 | 3,705,231 |
| 2040 | 4,095,554 |
| 2050 | 4,501,493 |
| 2060 | 4,792,868 |
| 2070 | 5,033,086 |
| 2080 | 5,251,327 |
| 2090 | 5,417,909 |
| 2100 | 5,519,345 |
How Mongolia Compares
Population against the ten most populous countries.
| Name | Population |
|---|---|
| India | 1.46B |
| China | 1.41B |
| United States | 341.8M |
| Indonesia | 285.7M |
| Pakistan | 255.2M |
| Nigeria | 237.5M |
| Brazil | 212.8M |
| Bangladesh | 175.7M |
| Russia | 143.5M |
| Ethiopia | 135.5M |
| Mongolia | 3.57M |
Countries Bordering Mongolia
2 land borders.
Mongolia Population FAQ
Is the population of Mongolia growing or shrinking?
Mongolia's population is growing at +1.25% per year, a change of roughly 44,469 people annually.
What is the capital of Mongolia?
The capital of Mongolia is Ulan Bator.
How densely populated is Mongolia?
Mongolia has 2/km² across 1,558,500 km² of land area.
What is life expectancy in Mongolia?
Life expectancy at birth in Mongolia is 72.4 years (2024).
What is the median age in Mongolia?
The median age in Mongolia is 26.9 years, meaning half the population is younger than that and half older.
Which continent is Mongolia in?
Mongolia is in Asia.