The world is becoming increasingly urbanized, with more than half of the global population now living in cities. Urban centers serve as the heart of economic, cultural, and political activities, often shaping the global agenda. In this article, we explore the 20 largest cities in the world by population, each of which plays a pivotal role in shaping the future. From the sprawling metropolis of Tokyo to the bustling streets of New York City, these cities are home to millions of people and are centers of innovation, commerce, and culture. Join us as we take a closer look at the vibrant, diverse, and sometimes challenging realities of life in the world’s biggest cities.
1. Tokyo, Japan (Population: 37,785,000)
Tokyo, the capital of Japan, stands as the largest city in the world, with a population approaching 38 million. As a global center for technology, business, and culture, Tokyo is where futuristic innovation meets centuries-old traditions. The city boasts an exceptional public transportation system and a diverse range of experiences, from the historic temples of Asakusa to the buzzing fashion districts of Harajuku and Shibuya. Tokyo is a food lover’s paradise, with everything from Michelin-starred restaurants to tiny ramen shops. Its economy is a powerhouse, home to many of the world’s largest corporations and financial institutions, making it a key player in the global market.
2. Jakarta, Indonesia (Population: 35,386,000)
Jakarta is Indonesia’s sprawling capital and the largest city in Southeast Asia. With a population of over 35 million people, it is a city characterized by contrast and diversity. Skyscrapers rise above traditional markets and Dutch colonial buildings, while shopping malls, some of the largest in the world, stand next to local food stalls. Jakarta is an economic and cultural hub, drawing people from all over Indonesia and beyond. Despite challenges such as traffic congestion and flooding, the city remains vibrant and bustling, with a growing tech sector and a burgeoning middle class contributing to its rapid urban development.
3. Delhi, India (Population: 31,190,000)
Delhi, the capital city of India, is one of the world’s oldest cities and today remains one of its largest with over 31 million people. It serves as a political, economic, and cultural hub. The city is divided into two distinct parts: Old Delhi, with its rich history, narrow lanes, and bustling markets, and New Delhi, which is characterized by wide roads, government buildings, and embassies. Delhi is famous for its historical landmarks, including the Red Fort, India Gate, and Humayun’s Tomb, as well as its vibrant food scene and bustling bazaars. As one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, Delhi faces challenges such as pollution and urban sprawl.
4. Guangzhou, China (Population: 27,119,000)
Guangzhou, also known as Canton, is a port city located in southern China and a major metropolis with a population exceeding 27 million. As one of the key centers of China’s economic boom, Guangzhou is an industrial and financial powerhouse. The city is also renowned for its extensive history and deep cultural heritage. Known as the birthplace of Cantonese cuisine, Guangzhou’s food scene is rich and diverse, attracting visitors from around the world. Its towering skyscrapers and modern infrastructure stand as a testament to its rapid development over the past few decades, positioning it as a leading city in global trade and commerce.
5. Mumbai, India (Population: 25,189,000)
Mumbai, the financial capital of India, is home to over 25 million people and is the country’s most populous city. Known for its bustling streets, vibrant culture, and as the heart of India’s Bollywood film industry, Mumbai is a city of stark contrasts. It is home to some of the richest people in the world, yet poverty is also a pressing issue. The city’s iconic Marine Drive, the Gateway of India, and the bustling markets of Colaba are tourist highlights, while its rapidly growing economy attracts millions of migrants from all over India, contributing to its fast-paced urbanization and diversity.
6. Metro Manila, Philippines (Population: 24,156,000)
Metro Manila is a metropolitan region that includes 16 cities, making it the Philippines’ political, economic, and cultural center. With over 24 million residents, it is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. The city offers a contrast of modern skyscrapers and luxury malls against traditional neighborhoods. It is the heart of the Philippines’ economy, contributing to the country’s growth through various sectors such as finance, real estate, and tourism. Despite challenges like traffic congestion and occasional flooding, Manila’s rich history, vibrant culture, and resilient people continue to make it a key player in Southeast Asia.
7. Shanghai, China (Population: 24,042,000)
Shanghai, China’s largest city, is a bustling metropolis with over 24 million residents. It is a global financial hub and a symbol of China’s rapid modernization and economic growth. Located on the eastern coast, the city’s iconic skyline, dominated by the Oriental Pearl Tower and the Shanghai Tower, is a striking image of its transformation into a global city. Shanghai is known for its rich blend of Eastern and Western cultures, with areas like the Bund offering historical colonial architecture alongside futuristic buildings. Its role as a major port has long established it as a center for international trade and business.
8. Seoul, South Korea (Population: 23,225,000)
Seoul is the capital and largest city of South Korea, with a population exceeding 23 million people. It is a city that balances the ancient and modern, with traditional palaces and temples nestled among high-tech skyscrapers and bustling shopping districts. Seoul is known for being a global leader in technology and innovation, home to tech giants like Samsung and LG. The city’s efficient public transport, vibrant nightlife, and K-pop culture attract millions of tourists each year. Seoul is also the heart of the Korean Wave (Hallyu), influencing global music, fashion, and entertainment.
9. Cairo, Egypt (Population: 22,679,000)
Cairo, the capital of Egypt, is the largest city in the Arab world and one of the most historically rich cities globally, with a population of over 22 million. Known as the “City of a Thousand Minarets” for its Islamic architecture, Cairo is home to both ancient and modern marvels. The nearby Pyramids of Giza and the Sphinx are among the most famous historical sites in the world. Cairo is also a cultural and educational hub, housing some of the Arab world’s most significant institutions. Its bustling streets, markets, and rich history make it a city of endless fascination.
10. Mexico City, Mexico (Population: 21,905,000)
Mexico City, the capital of Mexico, is one of the largest cities in North America, with a population of nearly 22 million people. It is known for its deep history, which spans over 700 years, and its cultural vibrancy. As the oldest capital city in the Americas, it has a rich mix of indigenous, colonial, and modern influences. Visitors are drawn to its historic center, Zócalo, its world-class museums, and its vibrant street food culture. Despite issues like traffic congestion and air pollution, Mexico City remains an economic powerhouse and a key cultural hub for Latin America.
11. Kolkata, India (Population: 21,747,000)
Kolkata, formerly known as Calcutta, is one of India’s most iconic cities, with a population of over 21 million. Known for its rich cultural heritage, Kolkata is often referred to as the “City of Joy” and is renowned for its colonial architecture, art galleries, and literary traditions. It was the capital of British India until 1911, and the remnants of that era are still visible in its grand buildings and landmarks. Kolkata is a major educational and cultural hub, home to institutions like the Indian Museum and the prestigious University of Calcutta. The city’s festivals, particularly Durga Puja, are celebrated with great enthusiasm, attracting tourists from around the world.
12. São Paulo, Brazil (Population: 21,486,000)
São Paulo, Brazil’s largest city and the economic engine of Latin America, is home to more than 21 million people. As a major financial and cultural center, it contributes significantly to the country’s economy and is a global hub for banking, commerce, and industry. São Paulo is known for its multicultural population, a result of waves of immigration from Europe, Asia, and the Middle East. The city is also famous for its vibrant art scene, culinary diversity, and nightlife. Despite challenges like traffic congestion and social inequality, São Paulo remains a city of opportunity, attracting people from across Brazil and beyond.
13. New York City, United States (Population: 21,396,000)
New York City, known as “The Big Apple,” is one of the most iconic cities in the world, with a population of over 21 million in its metropolitan area. As a global center for finance, media, and culture, New York’s influence is unparalleled. Its skyline, dominated by landmarks such as the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty, and the One World Trade Center, is recognized worldwide. NYC is home to diverse neighborhoods like Manhattan, Brooklyn, and Queens, each offering unique cultural experiences. The city’s museums, theaters, and restaurants make it a global cultural hub, while Wall Street cements its status as the financial capital of the world.
14. Karachi, Pakistan (Population: 20,249,000)
Karachi, Pakistan’s largest city, serves as the country’s main seaport and financial center, with a population of over 20 million people. The city is a melting pot of cultures, representing Pakistan’s diverse ethnic and religious backgrounds. Karachi’s economy is driven by industries such as shipping, textiles, and finance, making it a crucial economic hub for Pakistan. Despite challenges like overpopulation and infrastructure strain, the city remains vibrant, with a rich history that includes colonial-era architecture and landmarks like the Quaid-e-Azam Mausoleum. Its bustling markets, beaches, and diverse cuisine reflect its multicultural spirit.
15. Dhaka, Bangladesh (Population: 19,134,000)
Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, is one of the fastest-growing cities in the world, with a population of over 19 million. It is the economic, political, and cultural heart of the country, with a bustling urban landscape characterized by chaotic traffic, vibrant street markets, and rapid construction. Dhaka plays a central role in Bangladesh’s booming textile industry, which is a key driver of its economy. The city’s historical sites, such as Lalbagh Fort and Ahsan Manzil, alongside its lively riverfront and colorful rickshaws, give it a unique charm. However, the city faces significant challenges related to infrastructure and environmental sustainability as its population continues to grow.
16. Bangkok, Thailand (Population: 18,884,000)
Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, is a vibrant city with a population of nearly 19 million. Known for its ornate temples, bustling street markets, and lively nightlife, Bangkok is a major tourist destination in Southeast Asia. The city is famous for its contrast between old and new, where ancient temples like Wat Pho stand beside gleaming skyscrapers. Its street food culture is world-renowned, offering everything from pad Thai to exotic delicacies. Bangkok is also an economic powerhouse, playing a key role in Thailand’s finance, real estate, and tourism sectors. Despite traffic congestion and occasional flooding, the city’s dynamic energy and friendly locals make it a favorite for travelers and expatriates alike.
17. Beijing, China (Population: 18,883,000)
Beijing, the capital of China, is one of the world’s most populous cities, with nearly 19 million residents. As the political and cultural center of China, Beijing is home to many historical landmarks, including the Forbidden City, the Great Wall of China, and Tiananmen Square. Its long history as an imperial capital is reflected in its architecture and cultural institutions. Today, Beijing is also a major hub for technology and innovation, contributing significantly to China’s rapid economic development. The city faces challenges related to pollution and traffic congestion, but its rich heritage and modern achievements make it a city of global significance.
18. Moscow, Russia (Population: 17,878,000)
Moscow, the capital of Russia, is the largest city in Europe, with a population of nearly 18 million. As the political, economic, and cultural heart of Russia, Moscow is home to iconic landmarks like the Kremlin, Red Square, and St. Basil’s Cathedral. The city has a long and storied history, playing a central role in both the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union. Today, it is a major financial center, with a rapidly growing economy driven by industries such as energy, banking, and technology. Moscow’s cultural scene is rich, with world-renowned theaters, museums, and universities contributing to its global status.
19. Shenzhen, China (Population: 17,778,000)
Shenzhen, a city in southern China near Hong Kong, is one of the world’s fastest-growing urban areas, with a population of nearly 18 million. Once a small fishing village, Shenzhen has transformed into a global hub for technology and manufacturing, home to major companies such as Huawei and Tencent. It is part of China’s Special Economic Zones, which have fueled its rapid development and attracted millions of migrants. The city is known for its modern skyscrapers, bustling ports, and thriving innovation sector. Shenzhen’s vibrant energy, young population, and status as a tech hub make it a key player in China’s economic future.
20. Buenos Aires, Argentina (Population: 15,748,000)
Buenos Aires, the capital of Argentina, is one of the largest cities in South America, with a population of nearly 16 million. Known for its European-style architecture, tango music, and rich cultural heritage, Buenos Aires is often referred to as the “Paris of South America.” The city is a major economic and cultural hub, with industries such as finance, real estate, and technology driving its economy. Buenos Aires is also famous for its vibrant arts scene, world-class cuisine, and passionate football culture. Despite economic challenges, the city’s dynamic culture and resilient spirit make it one of the most vibrant capitals in the world.